Wednesday, 11 May 2011

On some future directions in the philosophy of chemistry

My academic interests are primarily in the philosophy of chemistry. Since I'm fairly familiar with the literature in this field, and have a few academic hobby-horses running around here too, it's maybe a good idea to sum up some of the currently unsolved problems that I think philosophy of chemistry will run into. Of course, this list is biased and not entirely without any personal interest -- I hope to make some contributions in these areas in the future too.

With that out of the way, here's what I think some of the larger looming problems and directions are

  1. The relationship of philosophy of chemistry to the wider philosophy of science. Mohan Matthen has an insightful post on the (lack of) direction of philosophy of science here, which I think is somewhere close to the mark as to the general demise of philosophy of science. I only have one additional comment to make to that post: working in the general philosophy of science increasingly requires in-depth knowledge of one of the sciences, as opposed to more general knowledge. I can see the philosophy of chemistry contributing to some of the wider questions in the philosophy of science on the basis of more realistic theories of chemistry, such as (for example) Eyring's theory of absolute reaction rates, Fukui's theory of frontier orbitals, and Prigogine's ideas on non-linear reactions as mature theories of chemistry that can add new insights to the philosophy of science.
  2. The relationship of quantum chemistry to quantum theory. The foundations of quantum theory is a much discussed topic, which I won't go into here. But the basic problem posed in Primas' 'Chemistry, Quantum mechanics and reductionism', which came out in 1981 and again in 1984, is still in my opinion unsolved. Primas argues that quantum mechanics, due to its interpretational problems, is not a good theory to reduce to. Philosophers of chemistry have not really examined how newly proposed interpretations of quantum mechanics, such as in terns of einselection or decoherence have a bearing on this problem. I see the theory of decoherence as a real contender in this area.
  3. Chemical ontologies. We have had a lot of discussion about the use of the causal theory of reference in the construction of chemical ontologies, but it seems to me that there is still a large amount of open questions on how to connect chemical theories to ontological theories, such as truthmaking or Quinean quantification. In the wake of this, we might just be able to put paid to the idea of 'ontological reduction' which in my opinion is a particularly unlucky invention that has plagued the philosophy of chemistry for about a decade.
  4. Theory formation and theoretical terms in chemistry. There is a paper by Roald Hoffmann in Synthese arguing that chemists do not engage in theory formation in the sense in which it could be argued that physicists do. The question of course is what it is then that chemists' engage in. Hoffmann has his set of answers, but these still have, in my opinion, to be tested against a wider range of examples from chemistry to be useful.
  5. Anything having a bearing on inter-theory relations and unity of science with theories of chemistry on one end and biology / physics on the other.
  6. Bonding, density, orbitals and observables. This is starting to some degree based on the theories of Richard Bader, but I don't think that the real surprising conclusions of Bader's theory are as of yet fully appreciated - that they allow the calculation of properties on a 'per atom' or even 'per functional group' level. Also this comes back to some of the problems mentioned above below 2.

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